PATENTING AND THE WORLD TECHNOLOGY CENTER IN HISTORY

Анотація

Looking at the pattern of modern world economic development, the world economic center has shifted many times, from Italy, Britain, France, Germany to the United States. Every economic center transfer has a profound historical background. Behind every economic center change, it is always accompanied by the transfer of the world technology center. In the process of the transfer of the world technology center, patent legislation and patent protection play an indispensable role. To a certain extent, the patent legislation and patent protection system have greatly promoted the development of world science and technology. Historical experience has proved that countries with sufficient protection of patents have a higher level of technological development, a stronger ability to transform science and technology, and a faster economic development. The modern world science and technology center has undergone many transfers, from Italy, Britain, France, Germany to the United States. The specific transfer process and enlightenment are as follows.
Since the 13th century, Italy has become the world's science and technology center. Since the 13th century, China's four great inventions have been introduced to Europe one after another, which has had a great impact on the development of capitalism in Europe, especially Italy. During this period, represented by Italy, the emerging bourgeoisie set off the Renaissance, and a group of famous thinkers and scientists appeared [1].
The first center of modern science and technology was formed in Italy. The great development of science and technology promoted the economic development of Italy. At that time, Italy's commerce and shipping industry developed rapidly. From 1540 to 1610, Italy became the center of the world economy. Before Italy became the world's economic center, the world's first "Patent Law" was born in the Venice City-State Republic. The implementation of the patent system has promoted the advancement of Italian technology and economic development, and is one of the important factors that caused Italy to become the world's economic center [2].
From 1660 to 1730, the center of world science and technology was transferred to England. In 1624, the United Kingdom promulgated the first patent law with modern significance, the "Monopoly Law", which protected the enthusiasm of inventors and stimulated people's enthusiasm for invention and creation. The result was the invention of the flying shuttle and the use of the steam engine. These technological innovations further improved production efficiency, which led to the first industrial revolution, which changed the face of production and social life. The implementation of the patent system was an indispensable fuse for the first industrial revolution, and even when Britain became an empire that never sets in the sun. The patent system played a more direct and critical role in the occurrence of the industrial revolution [3].
From 1770 to 1830, the center of world economy and technology was transferred to France. From 1810 to 1920, the world's technology and economic center moved to Germany again, and there was an amazing coincidence in time with the transfer of the economic and technological center. France implemented the patent system in 1791, and the German Patent Law was formally implemented in 1872. This happened during the transfer of economic centers and technological centers to them. It can be said that with the implementation of the early patent system.

The patent system no longer plays a triggering role in the overall development of a country's science and technology, but plays a further role in promoting. The patent system at this time is no longer the fuse, but has become an important catalyst in the process of technological and economic development.
Beginning in 1920, the center of world economy and technology was transferred to the United States. Although the United States passed its first patent law in 1790, the revision of the patent law in 1952 established the basic framework of the modern US patent law. It can be seen from this that the time when the US patent system was implemented also coincided with the time when it became the world's technological and economic center. The United States attaches great importance to the patent system, has invested heavily in patents and further innovations in the patent system, which have strongly promoted the United States to become the center of science and technology in the world. Through the patent system, the United States has further consolidated its position as the world's science and technology center, thereby ensuring that its position as the world's economic center cannot be shaken in the near future [4].
From the above-mentioned history of the transfer of world economic centers and technology centers, it can be seen that the transfer of technology centers is accompanied by the implementation of advanced patent systems. From historical analysis, we can see that the implementation of the patent system plays a vital role in improving a country's technological and economic strength, and then becoming the center of the world. For China, in order to realize the rejuvenation of the country through science and education and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, the full implementation of the patent system should be treated in a very important position [5].
The development of science and technology in the United States is more derived from breakthroughs in new technological fields. From the early days of atomic energy and computers, to later microelectronics and genes, to the current Internet search and mobile internet, the United States has always been a leader in modern technology.
The realization of this leading position relies more on sensitivity to and breakthroughs in new technologies. Combined with the development trajectory of American technology, we should also consciously carry out innovations in new fields and the corresponding patent deployment. In technical fields that are unknown or have not been put into actual operation, not only should the pre-research be strengthened, but also the corresponding patents should be laid out in combination with the pre-research results. It is necessary to increase publicity among enterprises and encourage enterprises to innovate more in new technical fields and apply for more patents. The state also needs to provide special assistance in review and funding for patent applications in new technical fields to encourage enterprises to increase their numbers. Lay out basic patents in new areas.